Cineálacha réamhfhocal
Types of prepositions
Faightear na cineálacha réamhfhocal seo a leanas sa Ghaeilge:
The following types of prepositions exist in Irish:
Réamhfhocail ainmneacha
Nominative prepositions
gan, idir, go dtí, seachas, murach
Leanann ainmfhocal sa tuiseal ainmneach na réamhfhocail seo.
These prepositions are followed by a noun in the nominative case.
Má tá alt idir an réamhfhocal agus an t-ainmfhocal, cuirtear an claochlú céanna ar an ainmfhocal agus a chuirfí dá mbeadh an t-ainmfhocal ag seasamh ina aonar. Mar shampla:
If there is an article between the preposition and noun, we apply the same initial mutation on the noun as we would if the noun were standing on its own. For example:
an t-aisteoir the actor > gan an t-aisteoir without the actor
an t-árasán the apartment > go dtí an t-árasán to the apartment
an bhean the woman > seachas an bhean except the woman
an bhean agus an fear the woman and the man > idir an bhean agus an fear between the woman and the man
an tseirbhís seo this service > murach an tseirbhís seo if it wasn't for this serviceMura bhfuil alt idir an réamhfhocal agus an t-ainmfhocal, d'fhéadfadh claochlú a bheith ar an ainmfhocal - féach anseo.
If there isn't an article between the preposition and the noun, there might be a mutation on the noun - see here.
Réamhfhocail ghinideacha
Genitive prepositions
trasna
le haghaigh, faoi choinne, faoi bhráid, i leith, i gcoinne, ...
Réamhfhocail ilfhoclacha iad go léir na réamfhocail a fhaightear sa ghrúpa seo, ach amháin trasna. Caithfear an t-ainmfhocal nó an frása a leanann iad a chur sa tuiseal ginideach:
All prepositions in this group are multi-word prepositions, except trasna. The noun or phrase that follows them must be put in the genitive case:
an tsráid the street > trasna na sráide across the street
an coimisinéir the commissioner > rud a chur faoi bhráid an choimisinéara to submit something to the commissioner
an sruth the stream > i gcoinne an tsrutha against the streamRéamhfhocail thabharthacha
Dative prepositions
ag, ar, as, chuig, faoi, roimh, thar, le, ó, trí, do, de, i, go
Tá líon beag ainmfhocal sa Ghaeilge a bhfuil foirm speisialta den tuiseal tabharthach acu: lámh > láimh, cos > cois, bos > bois, bróg > bróig, cluas > cluais, Éire > Éirinn. An chuid is mó acu is cuid den chorp nó logainmneacha iad.
There is a small amount of nouns in Irish which have a special form for the dative case: (hand), (foot), (palm [of hand]), (shoe), (ear), (Ireland). Most of them are body parts or place names.
Tá sé de rogha ag an chainteoir foirm an tuisil ainmnigh nó an tuisil thabharthaigh a úsáid i ndiaidh na réamhfhocal seo, mar shampla ar mo lámh nó ar mo láimh, faoi do chos nó faoi do chois.
The speaker has a choice to use the nominative form or the dative form of the noun after these prepositions, for example (on my hand), (under your foot) - both versions are correct in each example.
I gcás an fhocail Éire, tá sé éigeanntach an fhoirm tharbhathach a úsáid: in Éirinn, as Éirinn, ag Éirinn, srl. ach ní *in Éire, *as Éire, *ag Éire.
In the case of the word (Ireland), it is compulsory to use the dative form: (in Ireland), (from Ireland), (at Ireland), but not (...).
Má tá alt idir an réamhfhocal agus an t-ainmfhocal, cuirtear claochlú ar an ainmfhocal atá difriúil ó na claochluithe a chuirtear sa tuiseal ainmneach agus tabharthach - féach anseo.
If there is an article between the preposition and the noun, we apply a mutation on the noun which is different from the mutations we apply in the nominative and genitive cases - see here.
Mura bhfuil alt idir an réamhfhocal agus an t-ainmfhocal, d'fhéadfadh claochlú a bheith ar an ainmfhocal - féach anseo.
If there isn't an article between the preposition and the noun, there might be a mutation on the noun - see here.
Michal Boleslav Měchura
valselob@hotmail.com