Claochluithe tosaigh i ndiaidh an ailt sa tuiseal ainmneach
Initial mutations on Irish nouns after the article in the nominative case
Patrún: [an] + [ainmfhocal]
Pattern: [an] + [noun]
Braitheann claochlú tosaigh ar inscne agus thúslitir an ainmfhocail.
Intial mutation depends on the noun's gender and initial letter.
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Ainmfhocail fhirinscneacha san uimhir uatha
Masculine nouns in the singular
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Ainmfhocail dar tús guta
Nouns beginning with a vowel
Claochlú: cuirtear t- roimh an ainmfhocal.
Mutation: prepend t- to the noun
éan (a bird) > an t-éan (the bird)
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Ainmfhocail dar tús consan
Nouns beginning with a consonant
Gan chlaochlú.
No mutation.
cat (a cat) > an cat (the cat)
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Ainmfhocail bhaninscneacha san uimhir uatha
Feminine nouns in the singular
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Ainmfhocail dar tús guta
Nouns beginning with a vowel
Gan chlaochlú.
No mutation.
eaglais (a church) > an eaglais (the church)
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Ainmfhocail dar tús b, c, f, g, m, p (.i. gach consan ar féidir séimhiú a chur air ach amháin d, s, t)
Nouns beginning with b, c, f, g, m, p (i.e., all the aspirable consonants except d, s, t)
Claochlú: séimhiú.
Mutation: aspiration (lenition).
bróg (a shoe) > an bhróg (the shoe)
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Ainmfhocail dar tús d, t, l, n, r
Nouns beginning with d, t, l, n, r
Gan chlaochlú.
No mutation.
teanga (a language) > an teanga (the language)
(Cé gur féidir séimhiú a chur ar d agus t i bprionsabal, ní shéimhítear iad sa chás seo.)
(Although d and t can be aspirated in principle, they are not aspirated in this case.)
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Ainmfhocail dar tús sl, sn, sr, s + guta
Nouns beginning with sl, sn, sr, s + vowel
Claochlú: cuirtear t roimh an s.
Mutation: prepend t to the s.
sráid (a street) > an tsráid (the street)
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Ainmfhocail dar tús sc, sl, sm, sp, st
Nouns beginning with sc, sl, sm, sp, st
Gan chlaochlú.
No mutation.
sceallóg (a chip) > an sceallóg (the chip)
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Ainmfhocail dar tús sb, sd, sf, sg, sh, ss
Nouns beginning with sb, sd, sf, sg, sh, ss
Níl aon fhocail sa teanga a thosaíonn ar na consain seo.
There are no such words in Irish.
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Ainmfhocail an dá hinscne san uimhir iolra
Nouns of both genders in the plural
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Ainmfhocail dar tús guta
Nouns beginning with a vowel
Claochlú: cuirtear h- roimh an ainmfhocal.
Mutation: prepend h- to the noun
eaglaisí (churches) > na heaglaisí (the churches)
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Ainmfhocail dar tús consan
Nouns beginning with a consonant
Gan chlaochlú.
No mutation.
cait (cats) > na cait (the cats)
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Michal Boleslav Měchura
valselob@hotmail.com